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There are three different types of muscle tissue in the human body: cardiac muscle, which is only in the heart; smooth muscle, which is found in organs & blood vessels; and of course skeletal muscle, which is found all over the body and is responsible for movement. All three of these muscle types have distinctly different anatomical structure and function in the body. We know that muscles get bigger and stronger when put under stress, which is called adaption. Which simply means that the muscle is preparing itself in case it’s put under the same type of stress again. An analogy is calluses on your hand, if you rub your hand on a course surface causing enough friction eventually the skin adapts by building up calluses, thus protecting it self from future happenings. Muscle reacts much the same way, if you train them or put them under enough stress they will adapt to this stress by growing bigger and stronger. So the next time you train them they will be capable of handling this new level of stress. Now obviously that is a very basic explanation, but hang on to your dumbbells we’ll get more in depth! Inside a muscle there are groups of motor units separated by membranes. Each motor unit consists of a single neuron and all of the muscle fibers it stimulates. In muscles such as the hand where fine motor control is necessary the ratio of nerves to fibers will be much higher than that of a muscle such as the calf. Muscle fiber consists of myofibrils, a myofibril is a small bundle of myofilaments. Myofilaments are mainly comprised of two types of proteins called actin and myosin. The myofilament is the part of the muscle that actually shortens upon contraction where the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other, which is called the sliding filament theory. Basically by the way of chemical bonds and receptor sites located on the myofilaments the actin and myosin attract each other thereby causing a contraction. A contraction can be held until fatigue sets in, and the strength of a contraction is determined by the number of motor units that are recruited. Inevitably, the more force that is necessary for muscle contraction requires an increased number of motor units to allow the muscle to contract. Within skeletal muscle there are three types of muscle fibers: Type I, Type IIa and Type IIb. Everyone has their own unique distribution of these fibers, some people are predominately Type I, and some Type IIa, however the “average person” has an even amount of red and white fiber. Type I muscle fiber often referred to as slow-twitch or red fiber and is highly resistant to fatigue and has a high oxidative capacity, This muscle fiber is responsible for aerobic exercises and activities, such as running. Type IIa muscle fiber often referred to as fast-twitch or white fiber is an intermediate fiber and they’re larger in size and much stronger than Type I fibers. Type IIb muscle fiber, which are also fast twitch & white fiber, are capable of producing more force than Type IIa, but they’re low in oxidative capacity, and fatigue very quickly. Fast twitch fibers have thicker nerves that give them an increased contractile impulse, which is measured by the number of twitches per second, hence the name fast twitch fiber. Slow twitch fibers have smaller nerves, thereby twitch much slower, however they have a higher number of mitochondria, which increases their oxidative capacity. Mitochondria are the cells in a muscle that synthesize ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), often referred to as the cell’s “powerhouse”. Okay, so now you have a basic understanding of muscle physiology, let’s talk about how we make them grow! The enlargement of a muscle fiber is called hypertrophy. As I mentioned earlier muscle growth or hypertrophy is a result of adaption to a new stress placed upon the muscle. So, what is the best form of stress? Well, there really is no single best principle that will work for every person. This is where the muscle fiber type distribution that you posses becomes important. If you train using appropriate methods based on your individual body type you will ultimately get faster results. First I would like to define the 7 Laws (adapted from the writings of Fredrick C. Hatfield) that should be adhered to regardless of the type of training system you employ: Law I – The Principle Of Individual Differences We must recognize and accept that we are all different based on genetics. We all have different body types, often referred to as the somatotypes: ectomorph, mesomorph & endomorph (most people are a combination of all 3 body types). The somatotypes is a very general classification that can help you determine the best type of training for you, but it’s a very basic tool and there is much more involved in one’s genetic make-up and musculature. Somatotypes are defined as follows: - Ectomorph: Thin, light bone structure, difficult to gain mass. - Mesomorph: Muscular, lean, gains muscle mass relatively easy. - Endomorph: Heavy, large bone structure, propensity to weight gain. Law II – The Overcompensation Principle The body overcompensates in defense to the stress placed upon it. A muscle grows bigger and stronger when trained with heavy weights, just as your hand will develop calluses when friction is applied. If you do not change the form of stress the muscles will have no reason to further adapt. Law III – The Overload Principle Relates to Law II, in that to gain further size & strength, endurance, etc., you must use training that is greater than what the body would normally encounter. If you train with the same amount of weight and/or repetitions every workout your muscles will not continue to adapt. Thus, you must overload in some way to cause further adaption. Law IV – The SAID Principle Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands, basically this law states that in order to meet your training objectives, e.g. increase explosiveness, you must you use specific training methods that will increase explosiveness. Or, if your goal is to increase limit strength, you must train with heavy weights. Law V – The Use/Disuse Principle Very simply put: “use it, or lose it”! If you increase a muscle via weight training you must continue to place the same or more stress upon the muscle or it will inevitably return to it’s normal size, which is called atrophy. Law VI – The Specificity Principle This law states that you must progress from foundational training to specific training to meet your final objective, whether it be a competition or improving your game of golf. An example would be to increase your maximum squat you need to use squats in your training rather than leg presses. Law VII – The GAS Principle General Adaption Syndrome, there are three stages: the alarm stage (intense training), the resistance stage (adaption) and the exhaustion stage (over training). If one is not careful in their training regimen they will over train according to this law. To avoid over training you must use periods of high intensity training, followed by periods of low intensity training and/or rest. So, no matter what method of training you utilize, the 7 Laws should be adhered to as closely as possible to facilitate maximum gains and to avoid a state of over training. The two most common questions are how much weight and how many reps? Unfortunately there is no magic number; it will vary from individual to individual. An “ectomorph” who is predominantly red fiber will respond better to higher repetition training, whereas a “mesomorph” who is predominantly white fiber will respond better to lower repetitions and heavier weights. However, no one is any single somatotype, most of us are a combination of all three, so there is no canned program that will yield the best results. For overall size gains, the goal of a bodybuilder, using a multitude of rep ranges, poundage’s and varying intensity will be most beneficial as well as staying in your 55-85 percent maximum range. If your max on bench press were 200lbs, using varying weights of 110lbs up to 170lbs would be your “training zone”. That does not mean you should never go above or below those poundage’s, it just means that the majority of training you do should be within that range. Typically, for hypertrophy to take place your reps should be in the 4-8 range. There is no need to ever use a weight that you cannot perform at least 4 reps with, unless your goal is pure strength. There are a few reasons that I say this, one is that when you train at 90 percent or higher of your maximum weight Type IIb muscle fibers are doing the majority of the work, and this will not do much for hypertrophy. In fact, even power lifters and Olympic lifters do the majority of their training at around 85% of their max. You may be thinking that 55-85 percent is quite a difference in poundage, well it is. This is where periodization comes into play. Periodization is a concept where you use cycles to break up your training. Regardless of your ultimate goal you should have a plan, and this plan needs to be broken up into your daily, weekly, and monthly workouts. So, you may have a week of heavy intense training, then a maintenance week of lighter training, the light week allows the muscles to recuperate, yet because they’re still being trained atrophy will not occur from disuse. In order to avoid a state of over training, and continue to grow, we need to recover. Remember your muscles do not grow in the gym, they grow when at rest. Many factors contribute to over training, including inadequate rest, continued heavy training, and deficiencies in diet & nutrition. By using periodization to map out your training you will avoid over training and keep your muscles in a state of continued adaption. Principles that can be used when planning your training cycles: Cycle Training: this is where you break up your training into bulk cycles, strength cycles and cutting cycles; which will help keep your muscles in a responsive state. Split Training: this is breaking up your training into separate body parts each work-out which allows for shorter and more intense sessions. Muscle Confusion: your muscles adapt to stress, and ultimately you can reach a plateau. By constantly varying the exercises, weights, sets and reps you can ensure continued adaption. Progressive Overload: continue to increase different parameters in your training, whether it be more weight, increasing sets and reps, etc. Eclectic Training: using a variety of methods in your training, combining numerous techniques such as compound and isolation exercises. Principles that can assist you in arranging each workout: Supersets: alternating two opposing muscle groups with little rest in between sets. Giant Sets: performing several exercises for a single muscle group with little rest in between sets. Muscle Priority: training a weaker body part first in your work out. Pre-Exhaustion: this is where you perform an isolation exercise preceding a compound exercise, e.g. leg extensions before squats. Pyramiding: beginning with a lighter weight, gradually increasing weight and lowering reps, then work backwards, decreasing weight and increasing reps. Stripping: going from a heavy weight, and stripping off weight each set as fatigue sets in. Principles that can be used with each exercise: Forced reps: once failure has been reached on a set, your partner assists you in performing additional reps that could not be performed alone. Continuous tension: maintaining slow continuous tension thru out the rep, which will maximize red muscle fiber recruitment. Cheating: once failure is reached the weight is swung past your sticking point to complete the movement. (useful when you do not have a spotter) Partial reps: as the name implies only part of the full movement is performed, e.g. only curling a barbell half way up, which can be effective due to the varying points of leverage. Peak contraction: at the completion of a set holding the weight fully contracted for a few seconds. Super speed: using a lighter weight, reps are performed explosively yet controlled, called “compensatory acceleration”, which can help with white fiber recruitment. Another very important component of your training and growth is nutrition. Unfortunately, the scope of this article is not diet and nutrition, but I want to emphasize its importance. Since protein is required for anabolism, it’s crucial that your protein intake be adequate. The general rule of thumb for protein requirements is 1 to 1.5 grams of protein per pound of bodyweight. This means that a 200lb bodybuilder should be consuming 200-300 grams of protein per day spread across 5-6 meals each day (33 to 50 grams per meal). You should consume protein from a variety of sources, including red meat, chicken, eggs, milk, fish, cheese and whey to name a few. Many times people will say they just cannot gain weight; well the answer is simple “eat more calories”. In order to gain weight, including muscle mass, you must be consuming more calories than you’re burning, period. So, if you feel that you’re doing everything correctly in regards to training, and you’re not gaining weight, try increasing your calories by 200-300 per day. I am not saying the answer is that simple, although often times it is, I am just making the point that you cannot gain weight without adequate calories. 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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the US. One in four people are afflicted with some form of the disease, which amounts to roughly 61 million Americans. CVD is attributed to 42% of all deaths, taking almost 1 million lives each year. Common, yet serious, conditions that fall under the CVD umbrella are: atherosclerosis, angina, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart attack, heart failure, stroke and arrhythmia. If cardiovascular conditions are detected early on, the odds of combating their effects and possibly reversing them altogether can be increased significantly. Understanding Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease encompasses all diseases related to the cardiovascular system, including dysfunctional conditions of the heart, arteries and veins that supply oxygen to vital life-sustaining areas of the body such as the brain, the heart itself and other vital organs. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the most common of the cardiovascular conditions and lies at the root of most of the major diseases affiliated with the heart. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by the slow buildup of plaque on the inside walls of the arteries. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), occurs when atherosclerosis results in a partial or total blockage to the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the muscles of the heart. CAD is the most common underlying cause of heart attack. Angina is the medical term used to describe chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough blood. Usually the pain starts in the chest behind the breastbone but may also occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, stomach or back. Angina can be a sign of an impending heart attack. Heart attacks occur when a clot in the coronary artery blocks the supply of blood and oxygen to an area of heart muscle. Often, the blockage leads to cardiac arrhythmia, an abnormally high or abnormally low heart rate that causes a severe decrease in the pumping function of the heart and may bring about sudden death. A Stroke is caused by an inadequate oxygen flow to the brain. Strokes that don’t result in death can be mild, known as Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA), or they can be severely damaging to the brain, causing paralysis and cognitive malfunction. Heart Failure Heart failure usually develops slowly, often over years. Some people may not become aware of their condition until symptoms appear years after their heart began its decline. Symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, fatigue, swelling of the ankles and feet, and weight gain due to water retention. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors With so many people affected by cardiovascular disease, it is important to be familiar with the associated risk factors. High Cholesterol- Cholesterol is an important factor in brain function, and is the structural material from which the hormones progesterone, testosterone, estrogen, DHEA and cortisol are made. Proper ranges of cholesterol are important to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Total blood cholesterol above 200, LDL cholesterol above 130, HDL cholesterol below 35 and lipoprotein levels greater than 30 are all indicators of problematic cholesterol. High Blood Pressure- High blood pressure, or Hypertension, often results from excess fat or plaque buildup because of the extra effort it takes to circulate the blood. Blood pressure levels at or below 120/80 are considered to be within the normal range. 140/90 or higher is considered to be within the high range. Blood pressure levels ranging from between 120-139/80-89 fall within the range of pre-hypertension, which means that you are more likely to develop high blood pressure unless you take action immediately to prevent it. Diet- A healthy diet is essential. You should eat five to seven fruits and vegetables a day, whole grains, a handful of nuts, and low-fat meats, chicken and fish cooked in olive oil or other excellent tasty oils. Avoid sugars and processed foods. Diabetes- Persons with diabetes lack the necessary hormone, insulin, to break down digested sugars, or are resistant to its effects. As a result, a person with diabetes is at the same level of risk for having a heart attack as a person who has had a prior heart attack. Stress- When the body is consistently under a lot of stress, it releases too much of the hormone cortisol. This puts an extra strain on the heart as the blood pressure rises and the body retains too many excess fluids. Lack of Exercise- Fall in love with exercise! The heart is like all other muscles in the body. In order to stay in good shape and function properly, it needs to be exercised. 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Erection takes place when structures inside the penis and along the urethra between a man’s legs are filled with blood and inflated. This occur upon signals from the brain and the spinal cord, and the signals are transmitted through nerves in the parasympatic nervous system, a part of the autonomous or involuntary nervous system. HOW THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TRIGGERS AND CONTROLS THE ERECTION The erection is triggered and controlled by the following events: - Something stimulates sensorial bodies in the genital zone or other senses. Impulses are then sent from the senses through nerves and the spinal cord towards the brain, and reaches the upper areas of the brain. The brain then recognizes these impulses as something sexually arousing. Also thoughts originating in the brain itself may be recognized as something sexually arousing. - The higher brain areas having recognized some arousing events then send impulses down to the limbic system at the lower area of the brain. It is the limbic system that actually produces the feeling of excitement. - The limbic system sends signals down the spinal cord and out to the genital area through nerves called nervi erigentes - a part of the parasympatic nervous system - The signals reaching the penis and the rest of the genital zone then trigger erection and engorgement of the area between the man’s legs. - Stimuli to the penile or genital sensorial bodies do not need to reach the brain to result in an erection. Areas in the spinal cord will also recognize the stimuli and get excited. Then the spinal cord also by its own sends erectile impulses back to the genital area. - The sensorial bodies in the genital area will also be stimulated mechanically by the erection. Since stimulation of these bodies trigger erection, the erection process is self enforcing. A beginning erection thus trigger even more erection. THE ANATOMICAL BASE FOR ERECTION In the penis lie three bodies consisting of a network of very elastic blood vessels having circular smooth muscles in their walls, called erectile bodies. There are two paired bodies lying at the upper side of the urethra (corpora cavernosa), and one lying around the urethra (corpus spongiosum). The muscles in the vessel walls are able to constrict the volume of the vessels, or relax allowing the vessels to widen. Vessels leading blood to or from the erectile bodies also have the ability to constrict or relax in order to restrict or facilitate blood flow. The erectile chambers are not only confined to the penis, but continue in the area between the legs all the way backwards to the anal area. WHAT HAPPENS IN THE GENITAL ZONE DURING AN ERECTION The erection response consists of the following events in the genital zone: - When the signals from the brain and the spinal cord reach the nerve ends in the penis and the genital zone, the chemical compound nitric oxide (NO) is released. - Nitric oxide then spreads through the genital area and especially the penis. Nitric oxide then triggers the following reactions. - Blood vessels leading blood to the erectile bodies relax. Then more blood flows into the penis. - Blood vessels leading from the erectile bodies constrict, making it difficult for blood to leave the bodies. - The smooth muscles around the vessels in the erectile bodies relax, allowing these vessels to widen. - The blood going into the erectile bodies will then fill up in the vessels of the bodies and inflate the bodies to a much larger volume. - The inflated bodies will get straight and hard. The growing erectile bodies will inflate the whole penis and make the penis rise. - Since the erectile bodies continues backwards between the man’s legs, also this area swells and fixes the penis rigidly so that it does not sway from side to side when fully erected. penis elargement technique free natural pnis enlargement free pnis enlargement tip pennis enlargement video permanent penis enlagement penis enlarement tool penile enlargment tool manual penis enlargement exercise pnis enlargement pic before and after
Failures are very much a part of everyone’s life but according to me, “Real losers are those who are unable to overcome their failures”. One must not lose heart after failing and should be ready to try again with better efforts. If someone is able to learn a lesson from his failure by analyzing his weaknesses he is a winner rather than a loser. For it, it is only the homework that one can do to bring success the consequences are beyond one’s control. One such failure one may have to face in life can be a sexual failure like premature ejaculation, impotence etc. This can happen due to various causes like nervousness, exhaustion, stress or it may be due to a physical problem in the body of the sufferer. ED or erectile dysfunction traditionally known as impotence is one of the most miserable affliction of them all. Under ED, a male is unable to have penis erection good enough to have sexual intercourse. As a result both the partners are left unsatisfied and sleepless. As ED is still considered as a taboo under most societies, the sufferers often conceal their problem fearing the reaction of the society. And these, according to me are characteristics of real losers. Instead of worrying about reaction of the society they should think “What is good for them?” Needless to say the best think for them is to unveil their sexual disorder to a doctor and follow his instructions. It is only then they’ll be able to overcome their failure of sex and improve their performance in order to get the pleasure of sexual intercourse. The best treatment for ED is in the form of prescription drugs like Cialis. It is very affordable and works only after 30 minutes of its consumption. One may buy cialis online from any cheap cialis pharmacy. It is the best way to convert your failure into success and “success” here refers to nothing but a pleasurable sex. vimax penis enlargement system medical penis enlagement natural penis enlarement and lengthening free natural penis enlargement free penis enlargement exercise easy enlargement free penile surgery way get vig rx vigrx pnis enlargement pic before and after
Hey Viagra users! Do you know how your magic pill works on you? Hmmm…forgotten right! Or are you ignorant about its mechanism? Whatever, am sure about one thing you were startled after reading the title of this write-up! To understand Viagra mechanism we need to first understand how one gets a penis erection. Penile erection process is initiated with sexual excitement. The stimulation generates electrical impulses in the brain and sends it to the nerves going to the penile section. The nerve then releases nitric oxide to increase the production of cyclic GMP in muscle cells of corpus cavernosum simultaneously. Nitric oxide smoothes the muscles and increases the size of the blood vessels allowing high-speed blood flow to the penis. As a result the penis is engorged with blood making it firm and strong for penetrative sex. So what we understand from this is that the level of NO (Nitric oxide) is mainly responsible for giving a strong penile erection. Viagra does not have any direct relaxant effect on the penile section but it enhances the effect of nitric oxide by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). When sexual stimulation leads to the release of Nitric oxide, the inhibition of PDE5 by Viagra causes increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate which gives muscle relaxation and blood inflow to the corpus cavernosum which ultimately helps in getting the required erections of the penis. Now, I am sure you will be able to relate the Nobel Prize winner Dr. Furchgott with Viagra and its functioning. Nitric oxide was initially known as Endothelial Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF), ERDF was released, when patients took the nitrate-type blood pressure medicines popular in the 1970s and 1980s, and in turn it caused relaxation of the smooth muscles around the blood vessels and the arteries became larger, allowing better blood flow and a lower blood pressure. In 1986, Dr. Furchgott identified the EDRF as nitric oxide. This is where the Viagra makers got the idea of a magic pill for sex which revolutionized the whole idea of impotence. They noticed from the research that the nitrate drugs had certain side-effects on the blood vessels and the arteries; relaxing the smooth muscles around the blood vessels thereby increasing the blood flows in the human body. They related it to the erectile anatomy and discovered Sildenafil citrate, a chemical that inhibited PDE5 inhibitors which is responsible for the level of NO (nitric oxide) in the penile section. Sildenafil Citrate, under the brand name of Viagra, became the pioneer pill for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and received FDA approval on March 27, 1998, the rest is history! After all a better blood flow is the key factor behind a strong erection. So the master mind behind Viagra, in a way, remains Dr. Furchgott, the inventor of nitric oxide. Without the knowledge of the existence of nitric oxide, no one could think of inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 to maintain the level of NO to get penis erection. Let’s toast for the good health of Dr. Furchgott and congratulate him on winning the Nobel Prize. Without his discoveries Viagra would not have been possible and millions of men with erectile dysfunction would have continued to live hopelessly and helplessly as ‘ashamed impotents’. Thanks Dr. Furchgott for everything you have given us through your discovery!